Cholesterol levels: what the numbers mean and how to act

Got a cholesterol test and not sure what those numbers mean? You’re not alone. Cholesterol is a mix of fats your body needs, but when LDL (the "bad" cholesterol) runs high, it raises heart and stroke risk. I’ll explain the key numbers, how tests work, and what you can do today to lower LDL without confusion.

How to read your numbers

Your blood test usually shows total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Here are simple targets most doctors use: total cholesterol under 200 mg/dL, LDL under 100 mg/dL for average risk (under 70 if you have heart disease), HDL above 40 mg/dL for men and 50 for women, and triglycerides under 150 mg/dL. Tests can be fasting or non-fasting; non-fasting is fine for most people, but your doctor may ask for fasting if triglycerides are high.

If LDL is much higher than these targets or runs in your family, that could mean familial hypercholesterolemia—a condition that needs quicker medical attention. Also pay attention to other risks: high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and age. Your doctor looks at the whole picture, not just one number.

Practical steps to lower LDL now

Small changes can make a big difference. Start with food: eat more soluble fiber (oats, beans, apples), add plant sterols (fortified spreads or foods), and choose healthy fats—olive oil, nuts, and fatty fish. Cut trans fats completely and limit saturated fats (red meat, butter) to help drop LDL. For triglycerides, reduce sugary drinks and refined carbs and aim for consistent meals.

Move more. Aim for 150 minutes a week of moderate exercise—brisk walking, cycling, or a sport you enjoy. Losing 5-10% of body weight often improves cholesterol numbers. Quit smoking and limit alcohol; both changes raise HDL and lower overall risk. Simple habits like swapping fries for a salad or walking after dinner add up.

Supplements can help a little: omega-3 fish oil reduces triglycerides, and plant sterol supplements lower LDL modestly. Talk to your doctor before starting anything new, especially if you take other meds.

When lifestyle changes aren’t enough, medications work well. Statins are the most common and proven choice. Some people need extra help; Vytorin (simvastatin plus ezetimibe) lowers LDL more than a statin alone. Every drug has pros and cons—possible muscle aches or rare liver effects—so discuss risks, benefits, and monitoring plans with your provider. Read our deeper guide on Vytorin if you want specifics.

Check your numbers yearly if you’re stable, or more often when treatment starts or changes. If your LDL stays high despite steps, insist on a clear plan with your clinician. Managing cholesterol is a team effort—small, consistent choices plus the right medical plan protect your heart over decades.